Pronunciation of Adhak in Gurbani


According to the writing style of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, there is no use of the Adhak symbol in the text. However, during recitation, the use of Adhak is common. If Adhak is not pronounced where needed, it can lead to incorrect meanings and pronunciation. Below are a few examples:

  1. เจฎเฉ‡เจฐเฉ‹ เจธเฉเฉฐเจฆเจฐเฉ เจ•เจนเจนเฉ เจฎเจฟเจฒเฉˆ เจ•เจฟเจคเฉ เจ—เจฒเฉ€เฅฅ (Ang 527)
  2. เจ—เจฒเฉ€ เจœเจฟเจจเฉ‘เจพ เจœเจชเจฎเจพเจฒเฉ€เจ† เจฒเฉ‹เจŸเฉ‡ เจนเจฅเจฟ เจจเจฟเจฌเจ— เฅฅ (Ang 476)
  3. เจ—เจฒเฉ€ เจญเจฟเจธเจคเจฟ เจจ เจœเจพเจˆเจ เจ›เฉเจŸเฉˆ เจธเจšเฉ เจ•เจฎเจพเจ‡เฅฅ (Ang 141)

In the given verses, the pronunciation of the wordย โ€˜เจ—เจฒเฉ€โ€™ย varies based on its meaning and context:

  1. In verse 1:
    • The word ‘เจ—เจฒเฉ€’ means “a street, path”
    • Here, the pronunciation does not involve the use of Adhak.
    • Correct pronunciation: เจ—เจฒเฉ€
    • Meaning: Tell me – on what path will I find my Beauteous Lord?
  2. In verse 2:
    • The word ‘เจ—เจฒเฉ€’ means “around the neck.”
    • During pronunciation, Adhak is not applied, but the bihari of เจฒ along with bindฤซ is pronounced.
    • Correct pronunciation: เจ—เจฒเฉ€เจ‚
    • Meaning: They have rosaries around their necks, and they carry glittering jugs in their hands.
  3. In verse 3:
    • The word ‘เจ—เจฒเฉ€’ means “by/due to talking, by mere words.”
    • Here, during pronunciation, both Adhak and the bihari of เจฒ along with bindฤซ must be pronounced.
    • Correct pronunciation: เจ—เฉฑเจฒเฉ€เจ‚
    • Meaning: By mere talk, people do not earn passage to Heaven. Salvation comes only from the practice of Truth.

If we do not useย Adhakย at the required places, it will result in incorrect pronunciation of the recitation, leading to a distortion of the meanings as well. Many such words appear in Gurbani, where the word structure might look the same, but the application ofย Adhak varies. This difference changes both the pronunciation and the meaning. For instance:

Without AdhakWith Adhak
เจธเจค (truth)เจธเฉฑเจค (seven)
เจฎเจคเจพ (opinion)เจฎเฉฑเจคเจพ (intoxicated)
เจธเจฆ (always)เจธเฉฑเจฆ (call)
เจธเจฟเจ– (learn)เจธเจฟเฉฑเจ– (Sikh)
เจชเจ— (step)เจชเฉฑเจ— (turban)
เจ–เจŸ (six)เจ–เฉฑเจŸ (earning)
เจฎเจฒ (dirt)เจฎเฉฑเจฒ (wrestler)
เจ•เจฒ (power/Kal-Yug)เจ•เฉฑเจฒเฉเจน (yesterday)

These examples illustrate how the presence or absence ofย Adhakย not only alters pronunciation but also significantly impacts the meaning, making it essential to recite Gurbani with precision.

Incorrect Adhak Usage: By incorrectly applying Adhak to words that should not have it, many people distort the correct form and meaning of those words.ย For example:

Gurbani WordIncorrect PronunciationMeaning
เจ–เจคเฉ‡เจ–เฉฑเจคเฉ‡Sin/Mistake
เจจเจฟเจนเจคเฉ‡เจจเจฟเจนเฉฑเจคเฉ‡Floored
เจ•เฉเจนเจฅเฉ€เจ•เฉเจนเฉฑเจฅเฉ€Filthy/Dirty
เจฎเจฃเจ•เฉœเจพเจฎเจฃเฉฑเจ•เฉœเจพSinker

These incorrect pronunciations lead to distortion and render the recitation ashudh (inaccurate). Therefore, avoiding applying Adhak in such cases is important to preserve both the pronunciation and the meaning.

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